More time between blinks
The tear film thins and redistributes while the eye is open. Longer intervals give local thin patches more time to develop. Compare the blink presets and watch the thickness profile beneath the eye.
An interactive 3D animation
See what happens between blinks. Watch tear-film breakup, simulate incomplete blinking, and see meibomian glands release meibum in an interactive 3D animation.
Illustrative simulation
Follow the film through a blink
The tear film thins and redistributes while the eye is open. Longer intervals give local thin patches more time to develop. Compare the blink presets and watch the thickness profile beneath the eye.
An incomplete blink refreshes less of the eye’s surface. Areas the lid misses may continue thinning. Vary the closure depth to see how the refreshed area changes.
Meibomian glands supply lipid-rich meibum to a reservoir along the lid margins, including between blinks. Reopening spreads lipids over the tear film. In the Glands view, use Watch film spread to follow delivery and spreading in slow motion.
These studies and reviews informed the simulator. Its flow patterns and animations are simplified illustrations and have not been fitted to the study data.
Kimball et al. (2010) · Human study
Measurements of tear-film thickness and thinning between blinks provide the basis for the simulator’s thickness and thinning settings.
Deng et al. (2013) · Mathematical model
A model of how partial blinks leave parts of the tear film less replenished.
Luke, Braun, and Begley (2021; updated 2022) · Models fitted to recordings
Models exploring how evaporation and tear movement contribute to local thinning.
Knop et al. (2011) · TFOS MGD Workshop
Willcox et al. (2017) · TFOS DEWS II
Knop reviews meibomian glands and the lid-margin reservoir; Willcox describes lipid spreading as the upper lid reopens.
Cho et al. (2019) · Human observations
Imaging observations of meibum secretion between blinks.